# KLOW Peptide References — Cited Literature

> The full KLOW peptide reference list — the peer-reviewed studies, reviews, and safety data cited across this site, with DOIs and PubMed links for each source.

## Cited literature — component studies and reviews

The following references are cited across this site. Each is attributed to the KLOW constituent it concerns. All citations are drawn directly from the research record; no citation was invented or modified for this site. DOIs and PubMed URLs are provided where available.

See [KLOW references](/references) for the full numbered list.

## References

[1] Malinda KM, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(3):364-368. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10469335/
[2] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[3] Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061177/
[4] Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:648108. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4508379/
[5] Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19(7):1987. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073405/
[6] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025;31(5):20-24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[7] Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[8] Gao X, et al. Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Mouse Hair Growth. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0130040. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26083021/
[9] Xiao X, et al. Multiple potential roles of thymosin β4 in the growth and development of hair follicles. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(3). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33393222/
[10] Philp D, et al. Thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004;125(2):113-115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15037013/
[11] Philp D, et al. Thymosin beta4 increases hair growth by activation of hair follicle stem cells. FASEB J. 2004;18(2):385-387. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14657002/
[12] Trachy RE, Fors TD, Pickart L, Uno H. The hair follicle-stimulating properties of peptide copper complexes. Results in C3H mice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1991;642:468-469. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1809108/
[13] Sever'yanova LA, Dolgintsev ME. Effects of Tripeptide Gly-His-Lys in Pain-Induced Aggressive-Defensive Behavior in Rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2017;164(2):140-143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181666/
[14] Sosne G, et al. Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1458684. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39380984/
[15] Wang L, et al. Thymosin β4 improves the survival of cutaneous flaps of rat and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Arch Med Sci. 2024. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/186188

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A violet-lit reading of four research peptides told strand by strand — editorial summaries of what each constituent's studies found, the combination left as the honest gap no controlled trial has filled, and nothing here dispensed, dosed, or sold.